Aids ( Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) - 1968 Words

Overview of HIV AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) was first recognized in 1981 and has since become a major worldwide pandemic (NIH, 2011). HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a direct causation of AIDS. HIV spreads through certain body fluids and attacks the body’s immune system CD4 cells, so that the body is unable to fight off infections and with a much weakened immune system AIDS develops (CDC, 2015). Transmission of this virus happens when exchange of certain body fluids occurs with a person that has HIV. Per the CDC (2015), HIV transmission is done when semen, vaginal fluid, blood, rectal fluid or breast milk have contact with a mucous membrane, is injected into the blood stream or contacts damaged tissue. HIV the causation of AIDS destroys the body’s immune system, allowing opportunistic infections to take over and without treatment will lead to AIDS. There are no specific signs or symptoms that prove the contracting of HIV. Testing is the only way to diagnose HIV. Beginning signs and symptoms of early HIV can start off as flu like symptoms. AIDS (2015) states the symptoms as having, a body rash, chills, sweats, fevers, sore throat, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, mouth ulcers, and fatigue. These symptoms can persist and linger for days or weeks after contracting HIV, or no symptoms may occur in the early stages of transmission. If someone is in an early stage of HIV, HIV testing might not show positive, but regardless of this they areShow MoreRelatedAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1401 Words   |  6 PagesAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Duckworth 2 The history of the awful words AIDS and HIV has distressed the world for the past 40 years. It has infused panic in the world from its illness, fear, and regrettably death. AIDS was announced to the world in 1980. It is highly believed that this illness began in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Prior to this time, it is undetermined of the number of people infected developed AIDS orRead MoreAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1289 Words   |  6 PagesIrrefutably, the immune system is ones’ shield against pathogens, ones’ knight in shining armor that confronts intruders. Over time the immune system can deteriorate, and that comes with age and declining health. Other times the immune system fights against itself causing autoimmune diseases that may or may not do irreparable harm. And sometimes, immune deficiency can be acquired. This is the case of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease where the immune system depreciates Read MoreAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1190 Words   |  5 PagesAIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a range of conditions caused by the infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is believed to have originated in Africa in the early to mid-twentieth century, mutated from related viruses in chimpanzees and the sooty mangabey monkey. In 1981 AIDS was first clinically detected in people who had used intravenous drugs and homosexual men. They exhibited symptoms of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), an unusual infection that was seenRead MoreAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Or Aids1512 Words   |  7 PagesAcquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS comes from the latest stage of the HIV disease. HIV is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is a retrovirus which means it has RNA nucleic acid and genetic material where most have DNA. The virus enters the cells of the body as most do, through endocytosis of white blood cells trying to kill it. When a macrophage ingests a virus, the cell then takes a piece of the virus and presents it on the surface, thus becoming an antigen presenting cell. The antigenRead MoreHiv / Aids Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome775 Words   |  4 PagesHIV/AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a devastating disease, the scope and depth having no boundaries, permeating into many areas of the world, oblivious to social class, lifestyle, or culture. Initially reported in 1981, HIV/ AIDS rapidly spread and by 1987, 100 countries conveyed the presence of HIV/AIDS. (Maurer Smith, 2009). â€Å"By 2001, it was the leading infectious cause of death in the world, killing almost 3 million people, and by 2002, approximately 5 million people wereRead MoreWhen Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )772 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) appeared in the early 1980’s on United States’ soil, people - including healthcare professionals - were confused about its nature and origin (Aids.gov). The public looked for a scape goat and found it in the gay male contingent (Isay). What if a similar phenomenon happened, but in a keystone insect? Rowan Jacobsen, in Fruitless Fall, asserts that a comparable type of illness is affecting the honey bee, apis mellifera; the illness, now termed Colony CollapseRead MoreThe Causative Agent Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1372 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is the causative agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Currently, there are two types of HIV isolated, HIV-1 and HIV-2, which are both retroviruses and able to perform reverse transcriptase (Leboffe 2011). While HIV-1 is spread throughout the world, HIV-2 is confined to West Africa and is better protective against the progression to AIDS. Genome of HIV-1 only contains nine genes. It is transmitted by body fluids such as blood, breastRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the deadliest pandemics the world has ever known. Unprecedented efforts and resources have been mobilized to fight the infection worldwide. While obvious progress has been made, HIV infection still hit hard and the field of public health continues actively to raise awareness about this issue and help affected people. Public health professionals constantly look for new ways to reach high-risk populations, butRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1281 Words   |  6 PagesA major epidemic across the world is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Accredited with 10% of the HIV cases annually is injection drug use (AIDS.gov, 2014). A study done in 2010 showed that injection drug use affected nearly 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States. With 625 being males and 38% being female. Breaking it down even further, African Americans made up 50% of the newly affecting using injection drugs, Whites 26%, and Latinos/ HispanicsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1449 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is present around the world. HIV weakens the bodyâ €™s immune system by attacking its defences against disease this later develops into AIDS which causes for the body to be unable to fight of illness and diseases it usually could (Afao.org.au, 2015). Chad a country of Sub Saharan Africa has an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/Aids. Working to decrease this a number promotional incentives are being run such as the

Information Technology Term Paper - 6794 Words

Armstrong World Industries Business Systems Plan Phase 5 Individual Project 2013 Information Technology Management Table of Contents Business System Planning (Week 1) Introduction 4 Identify how the following critical success factors will be addressed by case study 5 Governance 5 Business plan alignment 6 Process improvement 6 Resource optimization 6 Operating excellence 7 Identify how the following critical success factors will be addressed by case study 7 Business management issues 7 Strategic and competitive issues 7 Planning and implementation concerns 8 Operational items 8 Identify how the variables defined by Strassmanns Model will be measured 8 Efficiency 8 Effectiveness 8 Competitivness 8†¦show more content†¦Paul Strassmann mentions in his model of information management superiority that the key to management effectiveness is productivity. His starting point in the progress of a number of challenging measures of the information within an organization is that: without productivity objectives a business does not have direction; without productivity measurements it does not have control. His argume nt is that in order for an organization to accomplish information superiority the company must have a complete understanding of their assets, the value of the companies’ information, how the information is being put into practice and the realistic cost of its information technology (Stassmann, 1996). Governance Armstrong World Industries corporate governance is to embrace the values embodies in the company’s operating principles for example, respect for people, diversity, integrity, customer service and shareholder focus therefore taking corporate governance very serious. The issues with IT governance within Armstrong World Industries are that the configuration is frail meaning that there is no distinct process for enterprise information technology. The financial support and procurement methods are not being properly used in assisting enterprise information technology management because the congresses of industrial organization everyday duties extend further than the range of authority. Business plan alignment ArmstrongShow MoreRelatedThe Electronic Health Records ( Ehr )1650 Words   |  7 Pagesto the electronic age. Electronic Health Records (EHR) are becoming increasingly popular especially since there have been many legislative attempts to encourage the use of health information technology systems. With the potential benefits that come with EHR’s, potential risks are also associated with this technology. The main concern is that of maintaining data security and if current law establishes enough security guidelines. Though security is a major risk of EHR’s many ideas have been proposedRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Business1370 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 1. Introduction The information technology has brought significant changes to business companies in recent years. Teece (2011) states that this new business environment has also enhanced the demand to determine not only how to tackle clients needs more rapidly, but also how to pursue value form offering fresh goods and service. Thus the booming development of business and strategy becomes increasingly multifarious and influential. A business strategy tangibly is a documentation obviouslyRead MoreChasing The Hottest It : Effects Of Information Technology On Organizations1656 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Information Technology Fashion on Organizations† Introduction In his article â€Å"Chasing the hottest IT: Effects of Information Technology Fashion on Organizations†, Paul Wang seeks to examine the effects that IT fashion has on organizations. He collected data from 109 Fortune 500 companies, and this helped him to establish that the firms that were reputable for implementation of IT fashions in the media did not particularly experience higher performance, especially in the short term. Paul Wang’sRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Federal Law1073 Words   |  5 PagesInformation technology industry is developing very fast today. Being self-accelerated, information Technology develops ever more rapidly than the millions of users require. Moreover, the technology is important not only for general users but also for business operations. That is because it provides both tangible and intangible benefits that help to increase profit and ensure the effectiveness of customer service. These factors basically make information technology organizations extremely profitableRead More Plagiarism in the 21st Century Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease in technology allows â€Å"rapid, easy dissemination [that] facilitates plagiarism, fabrication of data and tries to obscure authorship or authenticity†.[2] Therefore, the most unrefined assignment can be quickly assemb led to appear sophisticated and complete with help from the Internet and word processing programs. The Internet provides a vast set of research for the public to use, but this information is not always used wisely. Journals, magazine articles, and other sources of information on theRead MoreInformation Technology, Competitiveness And Coordination Effect The Agribusiness Sector1302 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper focuses on studying and researching on how information technology, competitiveness and coordination effect the agribusiness sector. It specifically explained how Information Technology has improved and accelerated the coordination strategies among different stages of the sector. This paper also discusses about how the coordination strategies might not have evolved basing on the existing market structures or price signals. This paper deals with 3 main definition related issues that thisRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty: Applying Technology in Plagiarism1564 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic behavior. Technological innovations, like the cellular telephone, have provided students with new methods of cheating. Plagiarism has also been influenced through technologies, specifically internet companies have emerged that provide unethical solutions to academic assignments. â€Æ' Academic Dishonesty: Applying Technology to Cheat Defined as any â€Å"theft of ideas and other forms of intellectual property— whether they are published or not† (Jones, et al, 2001), academic dishonesty occursRead MoreBaderman Island Technology Solutions Paper1498 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Solutions Paper University of Phoenix Technology Management Seminar in Decision Outcomes MBA 592 Technology Solutions Paper This paper will present Baderman Island’s enterprise technology solution, and attempt to explain how the presented enterprise-wide solution will create value for the organization’s e-commerce marketplace. In addition, this author will explain how Baderman Island’s prototyping efforts will aid in improving the new system development as well as identifyRead MoreElectronic Medical Records a Cure for Health Care Case Study Essay857 Words   |  4 Pagesfolders, which causes difficulty in accessing and sharing information. This problem could be maintained with electronic medical systems. 2.) What people organization and technology factors are responsible for the difficulties in building electronic medical record systems? Explain your answer. Building an electronic medical record (EMR) system comes with difficulties. These difficulties include; people, organization and technology factors. The people factor in this involves, doctors, governmentRead MoreEffective Communication Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesPaper Effective Communication Helena Herbert HCS/325 October 23, 2012 Brian Dufrene Effective Communication â€Å"Communication is the process of sharing information, thoughts and feelings between people through speaking, writing or body language. Effective communication extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by

Focused On The Use Of Drug And Alcohol Of Young People - Samples

Question: Should Drug Testing At Music Festivals Be Legalized? Answer: Introduction Young people, they are significant stakeholders in the policy of drug and other alcohol. Australians aged 17 to 28 years are the cluster maximum probable to have used an illegal drug in the last 1 years, and they are additional probable than whatever other age crowd to expend alcohol in a method that puts them at danger of damage (Martinus, McAlaney, McLaughlin, Smith, 2017). As such, youngsters regularly come into contact with government mediations that expect to react to alcohol and other drug use in the public arena, and it is youngsters who are as often as possible the concentration of drug arrangement choices. There are a scope of activities gone for better understanding the alcohol and drug utilize examples of youngsters. In any case, the examination of youngsters' conclusions and thoughts regarding strategies, projects and control measures gone for lessening the damages brought on by alcohol and different drugs has, to date, been restricted. As in all arrangement fields, adeq uate discussion with every significant partner is an essential piece of the procedure of viable approach making. This being the situation, the voices of youngsters are basic in creating fruitful reactions to alcohol and other drug issues in Australia. Literature review In this article The Conversation published in the year of 2016 at the Stereo sonic celebration a year ago, Sylvia Choi passed on subsequent to devouring a defiled bliss tablet. Lamentably Sylvia's story is very commonplace a brilliant future smothered at a music celebration that will be associated with all the wrong reasons. This survey, numerous youngsters will likewise devour different unlawful substances in quest for a decent time. Notwithstanding their own decision to infringe upon the law, most would concur that they ought not to need to kick the bucket for it. In this article Martinus, John McAlaney, McLaughlin and Hilary Smith stated that, concern has been communicated all through Europe about the expanding danger of drug and alcohol related mischief to music celebration participants. Inquire about learns at music celebrations are moderately uncommon not slightest as a result of the effective advertisement intrigues included what's more, their hesitance to bolster examine that may draw in negative reputation. Accordingly, most UK studies have tended to concentrate on the move club scene and it is to this assortment of writing that the writers of this review looked first. According to the NIDA Blog Team, published in the year of 2015, summertime is back, and open air shows can be a marvelous piece of it. Show celebrations are about great music, great companions, and enormous group. In any case, for a few people, these occasions are additionally about utilizing drugs. Consistently, we catch wind of drug overdose and drug associated passings occurring at show celebrations. These calamities, and also the numerous wounds and captures, are frightful, groundbreaking and even life-finishing occasions. There are no encouraging statements for the families and companions of the individuals who never returned from their terrible outing. Hostile to drugs campaigners have communicated overwhelm after the police sponsored arrangements to enable celebration goers to tes t substances, for example, cocaine and bliss for immaculateness before taking them. The administration, which will be offered at a string of unrecorded music occasions this late spring, including the Reading and Leeds celebrations, is expected to distinguish conceivably unsafe drugs, with the goal that clients can settle on an educated decision. Celebration goers will have the capacity to take illicit drugs to a testing tent, where examiners from an association called The Loop, distinguish the fixings, before pulverizing the example (Evans, 2017). However as healing facility affirmations for happiness and MDMA utilize take off in Australia, distressing stories are neglecting to stop youngsters taking a chance with their lives. Individuals resemble 'it's so risky, you don't comprehend what they are attractive, and well really, we're taking it at any rate," one client discloses to Four Turns in today around evening time's report. On the off chance that the administration feels that in dividuals will quit attractive drugs, they're joking themselves, includes another. Now Australia has world's most astounding number of delight and MDMA clients each capita, and the quantity of crisis affirmations for purported festivity drugs to NSW clinics has multiplied in 5 years. Drug arrangement specialists say it's an ideal opportunity to follow in the means of the present free testing of drug offices, so celebration goers can see precisely what they are devouring. The proprietor of Australian business for testing of drug EZ Test, Steven Bourke, says news.com.au which drug specialist Sylvia could even now be alive in the event that she had utilized one of the organization's packs, after she purportedly kicked the bucket from a super-quality measurement of MDMA, the unadulterated concoction part of rapture (Sullivan and Reynolds, 2016). Negative experiences In this article The Conversation published in the year of 2016, Preventable death from harmed substances are a political decision. So why are our government officials so restricted to a proof based intercession that forestalls drug-related mischief? Australians are the main buyers of delight around the world. Indiscriminately preventing the nearness from claiming drugs at celebrations is credulous, besides philosophical resistance near mischief decrease finished medication testing is productive counter. We remain not contending aimed at the sanctioning otherwise decriminalization of medications. Or maybe, we trust youngsters ought to approach testing administrations as a way to engage educated decisions about drug utilization. Political initiative is the missing fixing. There is point of reference for a preventive wellbeing way to deal with safe drug utilize. According to the Martinus, John McAlaney, McLaughlin and Hilary Smith states that in difference to drug and alcohol use the po pular of defendants near 58 percent did not explosion any types of alcohol or drug use while attending the event. It must be noted, though, that those people who used alcohol or drug also inclined to use extra drugs or alcohol. The most commonly reported drug was cannabis, used through 19 percent of the example. This was followed by ecstasy near 15 percent, amphetamines near 7 percent, cocaine near 13 percent, LSD near 5 percent or other near 4 percent. Only 2% of the example reported by the fake drug or alcohol someone, signifying that individuals were not simply reporting using every drug. Individuals who reported using this fake drug were accepted from the research. The two major common negative proficiencies reported through around 9.6 percent participants were vomiting and around 9.8 percent participant heatstroke. Another experiences were described through participants that included attractive in about 5.5 percent participant unsafe sex, about 5.6 percent participant were figh ting, around 3.5 percent participant collapsing or around 3.2 percent other consequences Implementation procedure In this article The Conversation published in the year of 2016, Drug testing delivers a chance for legal and health and authorities to collaborate effectively and decrease harm to young people. Political sustenance has qualified drug testing to be in an old area of the rule. Local preparations and special arrangementsthrough police help avoid the essential for composite legal reform. According to the NIDA Blog Team, published in the year of 2015, not everybody deliberates damage decrease stays a noble knowledge. Many people reason annoying towards make usage of drug safer is fair a technique toward help drugs somewhat than preserve people after drug by them overall. Through making him a tiny minute harmless, they roughly, if you remain given publics the green bright towards drive fast also prepare something which might injury them. Insufficient would claim against the clue that knowledge counting a person significant whats actually now the dust they accepted by a recital is continual ly well than unawareness. Then we do not recognize exactly how abundant information truly inspirations persons towards change sequence when they catch out they became swindled. Does definition out they've accepted keep people from taking the creation they just paid money to acquire? Similarly we dont recognize if these impairment reduction plans have prohibited any overdoes or deaths, or if someone has been likely to take drugs when people know an assistance position is to support if something drives wrong. Methodology Opinion and idea of youthful Australian on drug and other alcohol issues were measured utilizing an online study. This segment depicts the improvement of the study instrument; the online stage and enrollment; and measurable examination approaches. Refined assent was acquired from all members. Notwithstanding the quantitative information gathered, the review likewise gathered subjective reactions to two open-finished inquiries (Ye et al., 2016).The subjective information gathered because of this question was examined utilizing subjective topical examination. Comprehensively characterized, topical investigation is 'a strategy for recognizing, examining and detailing designs inside information. An inductive way to deal with topical examination was taken; that is, the subjects were connected to the information themselves. After acclimation with the information through inundation, introductory codes were created to draw out ideas. The expository procedure was iterative, and topics were in spected all through. The subjective information have been utilized as a part of various routes all through the report. Initially, reactions offered by members were purposively chosen from the specifically coded test to supplement and all the more disgustingly comprehend the suppositions communicated in the quantitative outcomes. Furthermore, investigation of three of the distinguished topics has been introduced (Sage, Michelow, 2016). At long last, members' thoughts and experiences drawn from the topical investigation attempted have been utilized to enhance our dialog of the discoveries. Time Outline 21-3-2017 28-1-2017 04-04-2017 11/04/2017 18/04/2017 25/04/2017 04/05/2017 11/05/2017 18/05/2017 Key Question Planning Literature Review Developing data collection tools Data collection Analysis of data Writing of the report Result In this sector we define the ideas of the model as a full crossways the variety of drug and alcohol policy interventions and domains examined. As well as the measureable questions, the online review also gave contributors the chance to respond easily to open ended queries Participants were inquired about their opinions of the probability of a variety of significances if the participants were to using drug and alcohol. The consequences are providing overall, contributors held a helpful view of drug and alcohol and its probable effects. A considerable majority of contributors said it was expected that drug and alcohol would help about 81.5% participant feel more outgoing and friendly, about 75.9 percent participant feel relaxed, about 73.4 percent people feel happy or about 71.3 percent participant have a lot of entertainment. Some short-term negative consequences were also perceived as likely; for example, getting about 50 percent hangover and about 39.2 percent participant feeling si ck (Matthew-Simmons, Lancaster, Ritter, 2013). There was opinion heterogeneity of the instance in relative to few significances for instance, near 38.1 per cent of the section thought which it was probable that drug and alcohol would harm their health, while near 34.8 percent apparent health problems as being improbable. Likewise, near 34.4 percent said it was probable they would do something they would regret, while about 35.7 per cent of defendants apparent this as improbable. Only a minor part of the sample replied Do not recognize to the probability of all of the significances. Recommendation The study instrument was really comprehensive and comprised a huge number of strategies, control and programs measures crossways both illicit drugs and alcohol. Several of these are at present applied in Australia, few are not. In open-ended queries, respondents were queried if there were another things which could be finished to reply to other drug and alcohol problems in their communal. Perhaps naturally there were insufficient novel thoughts that appeared, given the inclusiveness of the study content, through most participants contribution more excessive clarifications of their sustenance or conflict to interventions declared in the measureable component of the study. Nonetheless some notable proposals were made. Conclusion The outcomes of this study also have consequences for those involvements which are not maintained through young people, nor have a passable evidence base. The conclusions suggest which these interventions must be reviewed. Young people dont care this involvement and there not a suggestion base. This proposes review of this measure, mainly as young populaces are frequently focus to this measure, assumed their great presence at music occasions and entertainment grounds. The conclusions of this research offer perception into how regulating plans in this field could be changed. Although young populaces expressed strong obstruction to sniffer dogs, there were similarly high levels support for dissimilar policing plans, such as observable police attendance around licensed places and more police on the roads. This suggests which, through altering policing methods, young persons possibly more supportive and accepting of the part of police in the communal in replying to other drug and alcohol related problems. References Concerts and Drugs: Is There a Way to Reduce the Dangers?. (2015).The NIDA Blog Team. Retrieved from https://teens.drugabuse.gov/blog/post/concerts-and-drugs-there-way-reduce-dangers Martinus, T., McAlaney, J., McLaughlin, L., Smith, H. (2017). Outdoor Music Festivals: Cacophonous consumption or melodious moderation?. Retrieved from https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21405/1/Outdoor%20music%20festivals%20article.pdf Matthew-Simmons, F., Lancaster, K., Ritter, A. (2013). Young peoples opinions on alcohol and other drugs issues.Drug Policy Modelling Program National Drug And Alcohol Research Centre University Of New South Wales. Retrieved from https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/newsevents/events/RP27-young-peoples-opinions.pdf News.com.au. (2016). Why deaths wont stop the party: Drug test kits gain popularity as festival overdoses soar. Retrieved from https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/why-deaths-wont-stop-the-party-drug-test-kits-gain-popularity-as-festival-overdoses-soar/news-story/a25d6eaf98c2781c327de51bf55aa534 Sage, C., Michelow, W. (2016). Drug checking at music festivals. Retrieved from https://michelow.ca/doc/drug-checking-guide-online-v1.pdf The telegraph. (2017). Anti-drug campaigners slam plans to introduce drug testing tents at music festivals. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/21/anti-drug-campaigners-slam-plans-introduce-drug-testing-tents/ We have a moral obligation to allow drug analysis at music festivals. (2016).The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/we-have-a-moral-obligation-to-allow-drug-analysis-at-music-festivals-65144 Ye, S., Jaffe, A., Molnar, S., Williams, N., Wong, E., Todd, T. et al. (2016). Review and Recommendations for Drug Testing in Substance Use Treatment Contexts.Journal Of Reward Deficiency Syndrome Addiction Science,2(1). Retrieved from https://blumsrewarddeficiencysyndrome.com/ets/articles/v1n1/jrdsas-025-adi-jaffe.pdf

Obesity Essays (377 words) - Bariatrics, Obesity, Diets, Body Shape

Obesity The numbers do not lie, according to the National Institute of Diabetes 68% of America is either overweight or obese. By definition, a person is obese when their body has enormous proportions of fat, concentrated mainly around the abdomen. Obesity has continued to plaque the United States year after year. Obesity increases a person's risk for diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity has no preference when it comes to color or gender. Age is not a factor either, because of technology and other outside factors, child obesity has increased at alarming rates. Although the United States has the largest obese population in the world, the daily convenience of the American lifestyle causes this condition because of the affect that fast food has on the body, the lack of physical activity and the lack of knowledge concerning a healthy way of life. When it comes to food, convenience is not always a benefit but a hindrance to your body. As children, we were taught the four basic food groups: fruit, Legumes, whole grains, and vegetables. The United States Department of Agriculture as implemented a food pyramid. The new food groups are grains, vegetables, fruits, oils, milk and meat

Why war is inevitable essays

Why war is inevitable essays The recent attacks on the United States are among the worst terrorist attacks the world has ever seen. As stated by President Bush on September 11,2001, in an address to the nation, Our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist attacks. The target was the heart of Americas economy as well as the heart of every American. The evil behind these cowardly attacks is a man by then name Osama bin Ladin, and his devote followers in the Taliban regime. Theyre not only behind the recent attacks on the United States, but the bombing of the USS Cole and the bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi. These sick radicals have boldly announced they will stop at nothing to kill as many Americans possible. To negotiate with them is impossible, and that is why war inevitable. In this paper, I will explain why a war against Osama bin Ladin and all terrorism is the answer, and the only answer. Many people may argue that it is not the United States place to start another war. A war is expensive, long, and carries the risk of loosing more American lives. However, it is important to understand that the United States is not a bully, waging an undeserved war. In fact, we did not start this war, war was waged upon us. The terrorist declared war on every American when they hijacked four American airplanes and used them as flying bombs to kill thousands of innocent civilians. Remember, there was no aggressive military action taken after the bombing of the U.S. Embassy, the bombing of the U.S.S. Cole, or after the first attempt to take down the World Trade Centers; all of which have been linked back to Osama bin Laden. How many more thousands of lives need to be lost before we start defending the safety of the American people? When speaking to the issue of backing the American military forces with the Canadian Armed forces on Friday, Septem...

Graduating FROM High School and College

Graduating FROM High School and College Graduating FROM High School and College Graduating FROM High School and College By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, When did it become acceptable to drop the preposition after the verb graduate, as in â€Å"I graduated high school in 2000†? This nonstandard usage has become common in colloquial speech, but it is still not acceptable in formal English. The American dictionary Merriam-Webster includes an example from ESPN that suggests that dropping the from is acceptable: †¦ smiling like dudes whove just graduated college or just reached the legal drinking age †¦ - Jeff Bradley, ESPN, 23 Aug. 1999. However, the American style guide published by the Associated Press rejects this usage: Graduate [verb] is correctly used in the active voice: She graduated from the university. It is correct, but unnecessary, to use the passive voice: He was graduated from the university. Do not, however, drop from: John Adams graduated from Harvard. Not: John Adams graduated Harvard. Other respected American commenters on usage also reject the nonstandard form: You can’t â€Å"graduate college† anymore than you can â€Å"go college† or â€Å"arrive college.† In this instance, the verb â€Å"to graduate† is acting as an intransitive verb, and intransitive verbs cannot take on an object.- dmatriccino, Writer’s Digest. If you go around saying you graduated college, you sound illiterate.- Grammar Girl. In certain dialects (notably that of New York City), it is common to say, â€Å"He is going to graduate high school in June† rather than the more standard â€Å"graduate from.† When writing for a national or international audience, use the â€Å"from.†- Paul Brians, Common Errors in English Usage. In a Web search, the nonstandard form outstrips the standard form, but in the Ngram database of printed books, â€Å"graduated from† prevails. In an academic context, schools graduate students, but students graduate from schools. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingJanuary 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Discovery and settlement of the new world Coursework

Discovery and settlement of the new world - Coursework Example Their occupation mainly consisted of hunting and farming in a limited manner as the invention of tools and wheel were not made in those times. However, they used few primitive tool and gold and silver for ornaments. None of the tribes had written language. They used pictures to convey their messages or make a record of important events and for long distance messages, used smoke signals and sign language. On the other hand, the tribes in south like Aztec and Inca were more developed and furnished with equipment formed a cultured society. They were at an advance level in mathematics and architecture, due to which proper cities and towns were constructed and great stone temples were made to worship. They had a written language. A common viewpoint about these southern tribes is they had a high level of cultural advancement comparatively to any country of the Western Europe. The disagreement in Anglican Church found its way across Atlantic oceans. The puritans especially were in tolerant about beliefs different than them. They argued that the religious practices of Church of England should not resemble to Catholicism. The aim of British Colonies was to practice religion as to worship God with freedom. However, this approach was only adapted by early colonists, which was not extended further. There were four main New England colonies, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. Later on the survival of English colonies depended on them In 1629, Massachusetts was founded by few puritans of common faith. About one thousand men, women and children started their journey towards America, as they were distressed to see the moral life and future of religion in England. They came to America to practice religion freely and in turn forced the residents to practice the same belief. They punished, whipped and persecuted those who did not belief in puritan faith. Many settlers were forced out from their lands for not practicing those beliefs, which eventually set tled in Rhode Island. In 1644, Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts colony due to his belief in, God can be worshipped in many ways. He did not thrust puritan believes on the Indian tribes due to which he was ordered to ship back England but he managed to escape and found Rhode Island, which was the first colony where any or every religion was acceptable to practice. The dissenters were forced to live here and some later on moved to Connecticut. Thomas hooker was the most popular Puritan preacher in the Massachusetts colony, who formed Connecticut colony in the valley of Connecticut river .He angrily fought for religious rights and in 1662 was granted with the charter by the Anglican Church. A written plan was documented for the four colonies and presented to the government by Connecticut. The first big battle among settlers and Native Americans was also fought here and was won bye English settlers. New hemisphere was founded in 1679 with the consent of English King an d it became a royal colony. At one time it was part of Massachusetts. The immigration of tribes, from a nonjudgmental perspective was held acutely. Past events flowed in front our eyes as a story being told. The determination and efforts put by daring explorers who ventured over the world and discovered new lands and exotic things, is a note to be marveled upon. With few sources in hand and limited knowledge about the whereabouts of final destiny these explorers are

Discuss the causes and effects of three factors of climate change Essay

Discuss the causes and effects of three factors of climate change - Essay Example Change in the climate of a given region, is because of natural and human induced factors on the environment. This paper discusses three factors that cause change in the climatic conditions of an area. These three factors include oceanic circulations, global warming and volcanic radiations. Volcanic activity is a natural factor that causes climatic change. When volcanic eruptions occur, they inject quite a large amount of duct and other gaseous elements into the stratosphere. One of the gaseous elements that reach the stratosphere is sulphur dioxide (Letcher 81). On reaching the stratosphere level, sulphur dioxide converts rapidly to form sulphuric acid aerosols. The aerosols formed continue to spread gradually covering the whole world at the stratosphere. The effects of volcanic eruptions at the stratosphere, do not wear out as fast as the effects at the lower level (Letcher 81). This is because at the lower level, the effects of gravity and rainfall, contribute to the recovery of th e volcanic effects at that level. The covering at the upper level, which constitutes sulphuric acid aerosols, reduces the direct solar beam to the earth surface. The reduction is because of the high reflective property of sulphuric acid aerosols (Letcher 81). ... The effects of volcanic activity on climate are in a long time scale, such as millions of years. Over millions of years, continuous volcanic activity, releases huge volumes of greenhouse gases, which causes global warming. On the other hand, sulphur dioxide emissions will counter the effects of global warming. Therefore, the result of the process on the climate remains uncertain, leaving other external factors, such as the nature of the volcano, to determine the change (Letcher 84). Ocean circulation is another significant factor that results to a change in the climatic conditions. This is because oceans too, play a role in the global climate system. Oceans store a large amount of heat energy. Ocean circulation is a force that causes a change in the global heat balance on Earth (Samelson 29). Major theories in ocean circulation, depict the changes in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production and thermohaline circulation, to be cause of climatic change. However, scientists have focused more on the climatic transitions that occurs between the interglacial and glacial occurrences (Samelson 29). The Gulf Stream carries heat polewards, to warm the north maritime Europe. The North Atlantic contains cold polar air (Samelson 30). On meeting the cold polar air, the warm water, releases heat to the atmosphere. The cooling water sinks with the help of the increased salinity in the region. Increase in salinity is a result of the presence of sea ice, which is present in the Arctic regions (Samelson 30). The cooling water will thus sink because of an increase in density, forming the North Atlantic Deep Water. The NADW flows through to the Pacific Ocean via western Atlantic, all the way around Australia and

1860 Presidential Election Essay Example for Free

1860 Presidential Election Essay Every four years, each presidential candidate proclaims that the problems facing the nation this year is graver and more important than any other time in American history. The 1860 Presidential election stands alone as the most important presidential election in American history because this actually was the case. There have been other elections that have been important. If Wendell Wilkie had beaten Franklin Roosevelt in the 1940 election or if Al Gore had beaten George W. Bush in the 2000 election, this world may have been very different. But that probability was brought to the light months or years after the election was over. The chief difference with the 1860 election was that the country knew that the nomination of each candidate along with who would be elected would have immediate and then long term results for the country. The 1860 presidential election saw four distinct candidates, all trying for the most important office in the land at our most important time. Abraham Lincoln, a Republican from Illinois, his rival for the 1856 senate race, Stephen A. Douglas representing the Northern Democrats and also from Illinois, John Bell, a Constitutional Unionist and John Breckenridge a Southern Democrat were all in the race. The fact that the Democrats had split over the issue of slavery, forcing members to walk out of two Democrat conventions forced the party to have to send two different candidates and thus, increase the chances that the election would go to Lincoln.   The nomination of Abraham Lincoln for the Republican ticket was unsure from the start and even Lincoln assured himself that he would lose. In the bestselling book Team of Rivals, Doris Kearns Goodwin details in fascinating fashion, the list of more qualified, more educated and possessing more resources, fought for their nomination for president. But Lincoln was chosen because he was a moderate on the number one issue of the day: slavery.† I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with slavery in the States where it exists, said Lincoln early in the conflict.[1] Seward and Chase, two of the others who brought competition to the field, were seen as either too radical or apathetic towards the issue of slavery and made their displeasure known. While Seward was taking a European tour, Lincoln was meeting and greeting the people. His attendance and speech at New York’s Cooper Union in 1860, solidified him as a man of the people. The Democratic Nomination was complicated as well. The Democratic Party was split over the issue of slavery in the same way the country was. At their convention in April of 1860, fifty Democrats walked out to form their own faction of the party.[2] John Breckenridge was nominated by the Southern Democrats and Stephen A. Douglass was nominated by the Northern Democrats. The Democrats met again on June 18 and this time 100 delegates walked out and would not adopt a resolution supporting slavery in the territories. The Northern Democrats nominated for their candidate Stephen A. Douglass, Senator from Illinois. Douglass had been involved in the famous Lincoln Douglass Debates for the senate. In this senate race, Douglass won but in the process, alienated the South by saying that popular sovereignty could prevent slavery from being enacted in the new territories. The South remembered this and would make sure that his answer would come back to haunt him in the election. This was a chief motivating factor which caused the split within the Democratic Party, thus giving an advantage to the Republican Party which took advantage of such factions. For years, Democrats had united behind the doctrine of popular sovereignty. It was this fact which helped Douglas get elected to the senate in the 1858 debates with Abraham Lincoln. The idea behind this was that slavery within a new territory was up the majority of people within that state. Popular Sovereignty also promised to keep the future of slavery out of the hands of the politicians in Washington as they were distrusted for the most part by the people within the slave states. On the surface, the idea seemed to be a sound and practical compromise to the threat of a civil war. Most Northern Democrats assumed that slavery would not be allowed to spread into the West due to natural impediments. The climate, terrain and the swift movement of Free State settlers into the West would discourage slaveholders from entering the territories. While Southerners demanded that the Democratic Party come out with a platform that defended slavery, Douglas and his supporters could not agree. Despite the fact that the convention went through 54 ballots, Douglas failed to achieve the needed 2/3 vote to receive the nomination of a single Democratic party. However, once the Southern Democrats walked out of the convention, Douglas did receive the needed 2/3 vote from the delegates that were present.[3] Only then was did he receive the nomination of the Northern Democrats. It was a hollow victory. However, his nomination resulted in the splitting of his party and another candidate would only help to confuse the issue as well as spread out the limited number of electoral votes available. The Republicans, after seeing the problems that had been caused within the Democrats, saw this as an opportunity that they could use to their advantage. They were confident, going into their convention in Chicago, that they had a real chance of winning.   The only question was who was going to be nominated. William Seward was considered the front runner.   He was more established, had a classical education, the money and proper connections that prompted the party bosses, at first, to consider him a viable candidate for the nomination. But this all changed at the convention. Alienated factions seemed to arise and served as an unmistakable impediment for Seward and his hopes of becoming the Republican nomination for the 1860 Presidential election: an occurrence which seemed like a foregone conclusion just six months earlier. Delegates were concerned that Seward was too closely identified with the radical wing of the party. Also, Seward, being deeply religious, saw the issue of slavery as an issue that was above that of the Constitution as he called for a higher law to dictate the end of slavery. 19th century America was a deeply religious age but such beliefs seemed to pull him to the right of center in this regard. â€Å"Over the years, his angry phrases calling upon a ‘higher law’ than that of the Constitution that had come from men of freedom†¦ had alarmed Republicans moderates in the West. This only proved that Lincoln was the man to elect.†[4]Compared to Seward, Lincoln had more of a chance to help avoid a civil war as he was seen as more of a moderate within the Republican Party on many issues that were troubling the country and the Southern states at this time. But this did not being much comfort to the Southern States because the main position that the Republican Party he ld on slavery was not in doubt. The key to the success of the Republican Party was its position on slavery as well as the fact that the Democrats were now split. The Republican Party opposed the expansion of slavery and many within the party condemned it as an immoral institution. Republicans thought that by limiting its expansion would put slavery on the road to eventual extinction. Even though this stance was made public, the Republican base rejected a more radical stance that would have Southerners associate them with the abolitionist cause. So in this fact, Republicans upheld slavery within the states where it already existed. Also, there was a faction of the party which included Lincoln, which was willing to support a Constitutional amendment that would guarantee slavery forever in the hope that a civil war would be avoided. In this fact, Lincoln’s announcement in September 1862, that he would be issuing an Emancipation Proclamation, came to the shock of his cabinet because it was contrary to what the platform of the Republican Party during the 1860 election.[5] Republicans would be willing to compromise a great deal with regard to the issue of slavery in order to avoid a civil war and in the process, distance themselves from the abolitionists who were seen as too radical from both the South and even parts of the North. However, as long as the strong Republican base and their beliefs on slavery served as an impediment and a threat to the South and their protection of slavery, either Lincoln or Seward would have garnished a negative response from the Southern States. Since it was essential to carry the West and because Lincoln had a national reputation from his debates and speeches, most notably, the 1858 debates with Stephen A. Douglass, Lincoln won the party’s nomination. This is true also because Lincoln was seen as a moderate on the issue of slavery. It would not be until the Civil War was well under way when Lincoln became more certain that slavery must not continue. But at this time, Lincoln had said that he would leave slavery alone if it meant that the Union would be saved and a civil war would be avoided. The party platform states that slavery would not be allowed to spread any further. This was heavily unpopular in the South but it was in line with what Lincoln believed. The containment of slavery was the best that the moderates within the Republican Party could hope for while at the same time, avoiding a civil war. Doris Kearns Goodwin, in her book Team of Rivals, spoke to the appeal that Lincoln had among the people and the cha racteristics that helped Lincoln, an unlikely candidate in many ways, secure the nomination. â€Å"Lincoln was aware that being a man of the people was an advantage, especially in the raw Western states critical to the election of a Republican candidate Lincoln was astute enough to capitalize upon this invaluable political asset.†[6]   It was also seen that Lincoln was more of a candidate for the people and on the surface, it did not seem that he was as hungry for the office as the others and therefore, would remain true to his own self instead of saying and doing only what was needed in order to get elected. â€Å"Though Lincoln desired success as fiercely as any of his rivals, he did not allow his quest for office to consume the kindness and open heartedness with which he treated supports and rivals alike, nor alter his steady commitment to the antislavery cause.†[7] These are the characteristics that helped endeared Lincoln as a man of the people. The campaign was an interesting one that garnished a great deal of interest among the country. The turnout from the 1860 election would be one of the highest in history as the country knew all too well, that the results may lead to a civil war. Stephen A. Douglas became the first presidential candidate in history to undertake a nationwide speaking tour; something that is now seen as essential in order to win within contemporary candidates. Douglas traveled to the South even though he did not expect to win many votes. He spoke for the maintenance of the Union and would so until the official start of the Civil War. The 1860 Campaign, despite the presence of four separate candidates was more organized than the 1856 campaign. In 1856, John C. Freemont, the first Republican candidate,   crusaded zealously against slavery and these efforts were then countered with the warnings of civil war. As a result, James Buchanan was elected and did absolutely nothing to either speed up or curtail the threats towards a civil war. What also helped the chances of the Republicans was the 1857 Supreme Court Decision regarding the Dred Scott Case. This resulted in a clear advantage in the 1858 general election which gave a commanding lead to the Republicans. By 1860, every observer could see that the Republicans had an almost unbeatable advantage in the Electoral College as well since they dominated every Northern state. This would come to fruition as the number of popular votes that Douglas got in relation to the number of electoral votes he received was far below that of Lincoln’s. The election was held on November 6, 1860. The notable difference was the exaggerated sectionalism of the vote. In nine southern states, Lincoln’s name did not even appear on any of the ballots. Also, the importance of the Electoral College would be as important as any other election history, second only to the 2000 election. Due to the fact that there were four candidates, it would be unlikely that any one candidate would receive the popular majority. While Lincoln only captured 40% of the vote, the division of the Electoral College allowed him to capture 17 states plus four electoral votes from the state of New Jersey to receive a total of 180 electoral votes and the win. Although the three-way split among the non Republicans complicated the issue, Lincoln would have still won the election because he won the majority of the electoral vote. Lincoln also won a popular majority in every state that cast its electoral votes for Lincoln. He finished the campaign with 1,865,908 vot es. Douglas finished second with 1,380,202 votes but because of the split in the electoral votes throughout the country, he only received twelve electoral votes, far short of the 152 needed to win.[8] He received nine electoral votes from Missouri and three of the seven electoral votes from New Jersey. Bell won Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia while Breckenridge won every slave state except for Missouri. The result of the 1860 election was almost an immediate one. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina voted to succeed from the country.   The southern states had been waiting for an excuse to break away from the country and the election of Lincoln fit the bill. Stephen A. Douglas threw his support behind Abraham Lincoln and went on a speaking tour to try to stop a civil war from coming. He died in this process in April of 1861 and neither his efforts, nor the efforts of any single man, could stop what the country knew was about to come. With the succession of South Carolina in December 1860. â€Å"Not surprisingly, South Carolina acted first. There is nothing in all the dark caves of human passion so cruel and deadly as the hatred the   South Carolinians profess for the Yankees,[9] With the following of twelve more states, the Civil War had become a foregone conclusion. With the attack on Fort Sumter in April of 1865, despite the only casualty being a Union horse, the Civil War had started and only after four years and 620,000 casualties, did the war finally come to and end as did the institution of slavery within the country forever. The end of the Civil War also led to the assassination of President Lincoln and his Vice President, Andrew Johnson serving as an impediment to the Reconstruction of the South. The 1860 Presidential Election was one of the most important elections in the country’s history. The main difference with this election over others, was that the entire country knew that the outcome of the election had a direct impact on whether or not there would be a civil war, how the civil war would play out and what would be included in peace. Abraham Lincoln, right before the end of the Civil War, said: ‘With malice towards none and charity for all,†[10] in talking about the need for the North and South to come together as one people again. History knows that the people made the right choice that November day in 1860. And all those that are motivated by his speeches and actions are the benefactors of such wisdom and future generations will continue to do the same. WORKS CITED Burns, Ken. 1989.   The Civil War. Boston: PBS Video. Burns, Ken. 1992. The Civil War Companion Book.   Boston: Alfred Knoff Publishers Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York: Harper Collins McPherson, James. 1998. Battle Cry of Freedom. London: Oxford University Press. [1] McPherson, James. 1998. Battle Cry of Freedom. London: Oxford University Press. [2] Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York: Harper Collins p. 142. [3] Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York: Harper Collins p. 167 [4] Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York: Harper Collins [5] Burns, Ken. 1989.   The Civil War. Boston: PBS Video. [6] Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York: Harper Collins [7] Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York: Harper Collins p. 178. [8] Burns, Ken. 1992. The Civil War Companion Book.   New York: Alfred Knoff Publishers [9] McPherson, James. 1998. Battle Cry of Freedom. London: Oxford University Press. P.641 [10] Burns, Ken. 1992. The Civil War Companion Book.   Boston: Alfred Knoff Publishers p. 321

Joseph Kennedy :: essays research papers

Joseph Patrick Kennedy was born on September 6, 1888, in Boston Massachusetts. He was born the son of Patrick Joseph Kennedy, a local politician and successful businessman, and his wife Mary Augusta Hickey Kennedy. His parents wanted only the best for young Joe. In 1901 Joe was enrolled in Boston Latin, and elite boys catholic school. He was a very popular student there as president of his class, colonel on the drill team, a baseball player, and valedictorian. The next step for Joe was Harvard. There things were different; he was not the most popular student. He was not a particularly good student, and because of his Irish heritage, he had to endure a lot of slurs against his background. Yet he graduated thinking he was just as good as anyone in the class of 1912. After Harvard he decided to go into banking, where he received a position as a state bank examiner. In less than a year he saw the opportunity he wanted. The Columbia Trust was about to be taken over by the First National. Joe decided that if anybody was to take over the Columbia, he should be the one. Joe had supporters, which was accompanied by a game of bluff that finally forced First National to give up. When the merger was called off, the Columbia directors rewarded him with the top job. At 25 he had become the youngest bank president in the country. In 1914, now the successful bank president married the love of his life, Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald. Rose was the daughter of the Mayor of Boston, John Francis Fitzgerald, a leading Irish figure in Boston. Together they had 9 children, Joseph Patrick Jr., John Fitzgerald, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice Mary, Patricia, Robert Francis, Jean Ann, and Edward Moore. By the age of 30 he had amassed a great fortune through business ventures that included motion pictures, shipbuilding, and real estate, and through the stock market. As chairman of the Federal Maritime Commission in 1937, he laid the groundwork for the U.S. merchant marine. He was ambassador to Great Britain from 1938 to 1940. But perhaps his greatest achievement was seeing his son become John become President of the United States. As his parents did for him, he did the same for his children. He wanted nothing more than to see one his children as a great political leader.

How does this opening prepare the reader for what is to come in the novel? Essay

Throughout the opening chapter of ‘Lord of the Flies’ there are many events which foreshadow later events of the novel. Golding sets the beginning of the novel at the site of the plane rash, the scar. The scar had been ‘smashed’ and had ‘shaken tree trunks’. The boys’ presence on the island has already imprinted the island. It foreshadows the future corruption the boys will make on the previously uninhabited island. There are also hints of the dangerous side of the island. A bird described as a ‘vision of red and yellow’ – nature’s warning colours for danger – sounded a ‘witch-like cry’ The ‘witch-like’ description of the cry foreshadows the ritualistic, savage and tribal state most of the boys will descend to. The potential danger is also shown by the twigs and thorns having ‘scratched’ Piggy. Additionally, the fruit is obviously inedible and causes Piggy ‘pain’, a further demonstration of the island’s ‘bad’ side. This foreshadows the island’s many features that help contribute to the boys’ future: the pigs descending the choir into savage hunters; the rock and cliff edge contributing to Piggy’s death; its location isolating the boys from civilisation. Another event prepared by the opening is Piggy and Ralph’s relationship. The contrast between the two characters is noticeable from the start. Piggy is shown to be rational and intelligent, an incredibly useful trait in the future. Whilst Ralph shows a childish innocence and optimism – ‘He’ll be back’. Ralph originally ignores Piggy; he is ‘obviously uninterested’ in Piggy’s rambles. However, he gradually begins to respond to Piggy’s questions and he ‘looked interested’. This foreshadows how Ralph and Piggy’s friendship will develop in the novel and how Ralph will come to value and appreciate Piggy’s thoughts and contributions. Additionally, Piggy ‘took off his glasses and held them out to Ralph’. This is a significant moment for many reasons. Firstly, it shows the trust already in their friendship; Piggy is reliant on the glasses to see and, without them, would be vulnerable. Secondly, the glasses come to be of great importance in the novel. They are the only piece of help from the outside World and are a necessity for starting the fires which get the boys rescued in the end. Lastly, they symbolise Piggy’s clear-sightedness and insightful thinking which he gives to Ralph in later chapters when he is chief which proves to be invaluable information for Piggy. The line, said by Piggy: â€Å"I can hardly move with all these creepers† Could be a hint towards the littluns misinterpretation of the creepers being the Beast. The creepers restricting Piggy’s movement could be a reference towards how the boys stayed primarily on the beach, the safest and most civilised place, away from the mysterious and potentially dangerous hidden depths of the forest. In conclusion, I think Golding used a range of significant details in the opening of ‘Lord of the Flies’ which are parallels of events which occur in later chapters. This provides an endearing journey with the boys’ life with ‘no grown-ups’ and no impending rules of civilisation.

Henry VIII’s Foreign Policy 1509-1524 Essay

How far do Sources 1, 2 and 3 suggest that Henry VIII’s Foreign Policy in the years 1509-1524 followed consistent aims? Source 1 agrees that Henry’s did follow consistent aims and Henry VIII had one goal target in his foreign policy whilst sources 2 and 3 especially, argues that Henry but could not agree one goal to pursue involving foreign policy. Source 1 in particular claims that Henry poured much dedication and time into ensuring that England went to war against France. â€Å"The king† writes letters to â€Å"the pope, the emperor and the Venetians† declaring his â€Å"steadfast intention and strong provision to wage war against France† suggesting that Henry VIII’s main goal was to attack France as he repeats his exact intentions to three separate individuals. This is reiterated in source 2 as Henry VIII is described to be accompanied by â€Å"500 horsemen and 3000 foot soldiers† during the Field of Cloth of Gold showing aggression and building tension between the two rivals suggesting that King Henry was keen in causing tension so that it will lead to waging a war against France. We can see King Henry strongly suggesting that he consistently wanted to defeat the French as he writes to the Venetians to try and disband the newly formed league between Venetia and France. As the Milanese ambassador is writing at the time these letters had been sent he carries alot of weight with Source 1 as it clearly states the purpose of the letters and they lead to one clear goal which is to invade France. Source 3 shows Cromwell trying to persuade Henry to go against his plans to take over France but to redirect his attentions to Scotland. Cromwell suggesting that Henry â€Å"converts first and chief his whole intent and purpose† suggests that Henry was so determine to wage war against France he did not think about other issues to do with his Foreign Policy and Cromwell needed to remind him of budding problems. However Source 3 also suggests that Henry was lenient in his decisions about foreign policies as, even though Cromwell at this time is trying to work his way into the inner council and was desperate to gain the attentions of the King, felt the King was not so desperate in going against France that he was able to suggest the King redirects his attention to Scotland whilst still pleasing the King and trying to achieve honour. Source 2 also suggests that the King was not so rivalled with France as a contemporary account shows that Henry pitched his marquee near where the French king had been staying, although this could be seen as showing off and is multifaceted it can also be seen as Henry trying to break down the existing barriers to focus on the celebration of the Field of the Cloth of Gold. Overall, there is enough agreement in all three sources to suggest that Henry VIII’s foreign policy in the years 1509-1524 followed consistent aims. This is a view most strongly and optimistically supported by source 1, slightly confirmed by the accounts described in source 2 but largely denied by source 3.

A Diploma is not a Degree

A Diploma is not a Degree A Diploma is not a Degree A Diploma is not a Degree By Maeve Maddox The word degree has many meanings, but in academic terms, it refers to a certification awarded at the university level. The B.A. degree (Bachelor of Arts), for example, is awarded upon completion of a four-year program of study requiring a specified minimum of credits. An M.A. degree (Master of Arts) requires two or more years of study beyond the B.A. and carries with it the passing of certain examinations and, usually, the completion of a thesis or other research project. The Ph.D. degree (Doctor of Philosophy) requires several more years of study, examinations, and research projects beyond the M.A. In addition to the degrees awarded by four-year institutions of higher learning, community colleges offer the Associate Degree upon completion of two years of study beyond high school. A diploma, on the other hand, is a document testifying to the completion of a course of study. Any graduate, whether of a university, a high school, or a six-week course in Spanish, will receive a diploma. High schools issue diplomas and certificates of attendance, but they do not award degrees. To describe a person as having a high school degree is an error of fact as well as one of diction. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

3 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation

3 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation 3 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation 3 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation By Mark Nichol An extraneous instance of hyphenation occurs in each of the following sentences. Discussion after each example explains the error, and revisions illustrate correct treatment. 1. Those organizations that adapt will be able to excel in the long-term. Some pairs of words closely associated because they commonly appear together as phrasal adjectives are often unnecessarily hyphenated when they do not serve that grammatical function. Though long and term frequently serve together as a phrasal adjective, as in â€Å"long-term goals,† in this sentence, they are an adjective and a noun, respectively, and hyphenating them is an error: â€Å"Those organizations that adapt will be able to excel in the long term.† 2. NASA officials recommend viewing the eclipse through specially-made glasses to prevent eye damage. What is perhaps the most common type of error of intrusive hyphenation is as a result of confusion between phrasal adjectives and phrasal adverbs. When two or more words team up to modify a noun, the modifying terms are usually hyphenated to signal their teamwork, as in â€Å"four-legged animals.† (Otherwise, the implication is that the phrase refers to a quartet of animals with legs.) But when the first word is an adverb ending in -ly, that ending sends an obvious signal that the first word modifies not the noun but the accompanying modifying word, as in â€Å"NASA officials recommend viewing the eclipse through specially made glasses to prevent eye damage,† where specially modifies glasses (and, in turn, the two words provide additional information about the glasses.) However, for the sake of clarity, flat adverbs- those lacking the -ly ending- are hyphenated, as in â€Å"high-pitched voice.† 3. After two weeks, it turns out letting strangers in has been the least-troubling part of the experience. . . . There are certainly less-invasive ways to keep packages safe, like lockboxes or shipping to the office. Similarly, do not hyphenate modifying phrases that start with least or less (or most or more): â€Å"After two weeks, it turns out letting strangers in has been the least troubling part of the experience. . . . There are certainly less invasive ways to keep packages safe, like lockboxes or shipping to the office.† However, a phrase beginning with â€Å"less than† or â€Å"more than† is hyphenated when the string of words provides more information about a noun that follows the phrase: â€Å"Less-than-optimal terms can result in future costs that reduce the benefit of a lower purchase price.† But note that stand-alone phrases beginning with less and the like are sometimes mistakenly hyphenated, as in â€Å"Some people were less-than-thrilled to see the giraffe in the indoor pen.†Ã‚  Here, â€Å"less than thrilled† is merely describing a reaction, not modifying a noun, so omit the hyphens: â€Å"Some people were less than thrilled to see the giraffe in the indoor pen.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?

Data Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Data Analysis - Research Paper Example The period under study is from 1997 to 2001, a five year period. The basis for this particular study is the fact that the company promises to replace the copiers if the service personnel are not in a position to rectify or resolve service complaints within a period of 72 hours and the service commitment given to the customer is that the non-functional or problematic copier would be replaced within a period of 48 hours. Exhibit 1 below shows the sales figures for the five years under study across the different geographic locations and the annual growth rate. The sales across were achieved by deploying extensive sales force in the marketplace. One of the principles that were used to increase revenues was to increase the sales force. The following table and graphs give the number of sales personnel during the study period. While sales is one of the parameters for increasing the revenues, it was found that the commitment of replacing un-serviceable photocopiers was eating directly into the bottom-lines of the company. The number of complaints received is captured as under - Exhibit 4 and graph 4: While measuring the effectiveness of the sales personnel, similar data is captured for service personnel. Service personnel are people who attend to customer complaints once the product is sold and placed at the customer site. Exhibit 5 and Graph 5 show the number of service personnel. Exhibit 6 andExhibit 5 Number of service personnel Geo Dec-97 Dec-98 Dec-99 Dec-00 Dec-01 1 USA 70 84 100 122 125 2 UK 36 44 34 40 50 3 Europe 40 48 58 70 70 4 Asia 24 30 35 42 45 5 Australia 30 56 44 53 55 Graph 5 number of service personnel Exhibit 6 and graph 6 show the average number of service call

Emergency Management SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergency Management SLP - Essay Example The effects of lack of rainfall cannot be disputed. Large-scale agricultural activities that highly rely on rain are adversely affected in times of drought. Extensive sunny periods are experienced, characterized by hot and dry conditions. Highlighting drought issues for Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is beneficial to the entire Oklahoma population. Oklahoma State has not succumbed to drought many times. This is a rare event but when it struck, its effects were devastating. In the year 2011, the state experienced four months of drought. The four months were reported to be the driest months since the year 1921. Following this and expected subsequent drought periods in Oklahoma, there is need to assess drought conditions in the state and consequently come up with proper and effective ERP measures. Fundamental factors behind choosing drought are: crops were significantly damaged, pastures were destroyed and water shortage occurred causing rationing or restrictions of water use. Wild and man-made fires are not a new phenomenon in Oklahoma. However, fires do not constitute any routine emergencies in the state. Wild and man-made fires are disastrous. They cause massive destruction and damage to property and life. The state has succumbed to fires several times. The effects of these wide spread fires have been felt across humans and wildlife. The extensive Oklahoma fields and the severe weather exposure of the state are risk factors that primarily spread fires when they occur. The state has several initiatives and programs that fire-driven. One of the most common and successful program of that kind is the OK-FIRE (David, 2007). This and related programs and initiatives are tailored towards bringing fire disasters to manageable levels. This is due to the fact that at most times when fires break out, management and control of these fires become hectic. An ERP therefore comes in handy to assess and evaluate the performance

Teams are seen as a necessary condition in contemporary organisations, Essay

Teams are seen as a necessary condition in contemporary organisations, but are they effective - Essay Example ey are working independently and they don’t share any common responsibility and the end result of their efforts is not interdependent (Thompson & Mchugh, 2009). Teamwork is not a new phenomenon, it is a strategy that has been in operation for a long time but its structure and organization is changing with time (Smith, 2004). Several contemporary organizations have structured team-based networks which are very different from the hierarchical structures of the industrial era. Advanced communication technologies have suddenly changed the course of teamwork from control-based traditional teams to virtual teams which are evenly distributed within the organizational structure. The traditional Industrial age teams were basically hierarchical and the employees were bound by fixed rules as a means to keep them under control and this inhibited freedom and risk taking (Grey, 2009). With regard to contemporary business organizations, it is fundamental to efficiently utilize the available scarce resources to overcome the challenges which have risen as a consequence to globalization in addition punctually responding to the demands of market place. Since the demand of quality products and services has risen, it has been a prerequisite for companies and organizations to timely adapt to the changing market demands where there is an ever increasing call for employee satisfaction as well as increased efficiency coupled with reduced operational costs. Thus, as a result, organizations are turning to team-based style of organization (Thompson & Mchugh, 2009). The degree of hierarchy which used to be dominant in traditional organizations has transformed to a uniform structure (Wellins, 2006). The members of a team used to cooperate with one other rather than being obliging their single performance to a single manager. The members of a team in a contemporary organization have a great influence on the decision making and planning of the tasks to be executed ad how they will be

Impact of Employee Relations in Banks

Impact of Employee Relations in Banks Employee relationship management find conflict among employees as major drawback for organization to progress with its endeavors. Most of the time conflicts occur due to different cultures that people come from and less knowledge on Johari window way by the theory help people to work through their stereo types. Another reason for conflict is the of work, for example some employee are task oriented and other have artistic view and people oriented i.e. task oriented employee would want to finish the job in whatever manner but an artistic employee would prefer to do the job in particular manner or include certain individual. Employee performance and motivation problems Performance of the employee can play a major role for success or failure. Employees under performing would cost the organization fortune especially in a banking industry where competition is increasing every day. Employee poor performance could be caused by two main issues, first, is the employee skilled enough to handle the task? has the company motivated the employee in question enough to handle pressure the task present? and is the employee capable to do the job? Secondly, another cause is the system to do the task for instance managerial behavior, effect of coworkers behavior and resource distribution. http://performance-appraisals.org/faq/causesproblems.htm Unmotivated employee will not positively influence the performance of the banks. To bring about good performance everyone has to give all the effort to the organization and more importantly they should be motivated. Employee becomes unmotivated because the banks processes are too ambiguous hence providing a lot hardship, the bank is experiencing continuous conflict and behavior effect. Turnover and retention concerns This is another employee relation challenges that also especially banks encounter. Generally turnover causes are economic issue and labor market condition they affect significantly the turnover rate. But also non-competitive compensation, poor fit of employee and the job, very poor working condition and monotony increases employee turnover. Employee more often may seek for better green pasture to improve their living standard. Sometime some employee find the job to be too monotonous hence their morale goes down and as result affect the performance of the organization. Turnover cost for many banks are very high which include direct cost such as recruitment, selection and training of the new employees. Indirect cost include reduced productivity, increased of workload for remaining employee as they have to cover and overtime expense for the colleague. http://www.romeroconsulting.com/example_employee_relations_issues.htm Overcoming employee relations challenges For turnover and retention problems most banks conduct training on their employees so that for example the job becomes less monotonous and challenging. Banks that have low employee turnover they are said to be employee oriented and they come up with well compensation package they always hire the right people for the job. An interaction with the employees regularly is required so that the manager can understand they core problems. Distribution of right resource to perform task can increase performance of employees and reward systems can always boost morale of employees. The employer should come with new approaches and practical tips for the banks success. Employee relations in collaboration with human resource management can avoid conflict before they happen by understanding and identifying the strength and weakness of the employees. Employers should assign jobs to employees that fit their skill sets. For team conflict employer should pick a team leader who is capable to handle pressure that teammate present. Banks should see if the employees who are involved in conflict are affecting the performance and productivity of the organization, once the parties involved in the conflict are identified then it will be easy to solve problems. http://www.ehow.com/how_2076427_address-poor-employee-performance.html Advantage of maintaining good employee relation in banks There are advantages for organization good relationship with its employees apart from increase the general performance; the company will also enjoy the following. Reduced Absenteeism For many banks in Tanzania, they have managed their employees with authoritarian style whereby absenteeism of the employee will not be tolerated. This is because many banks in Tanzania are privately owned hence even the unions cannot bring total impact on any companys wrong doing. Therefore good employee relation will bring benefits to the bank by reducing the cause that mounts absenteeism such as continuous employee conflict and job satisfaction. Improving motivation and morale A good employee relation in banks would be able to increase motivation and morale. A motivated group of employee would be able to bring very beneficial result that most banks are always relishing to accomplish. By avoiding things that would discourage motivation this is a hard-working process but very crucial to the success of the business. We have witnessed most banks in Tanzania have provided their employees with a positive working environment. Also personal incentives always do trick of raising employees motivation and morale. Loyalty is increased Most banks in Tanzania have managed to gain loyalty from their employees as most banks have been able to install good procedure that suit employees specification. Employees would not be certain if they leave what they experience from other banks. Bank that trains its employees more often will be able to increase confidence of employees and hence increase their loyalty to the company. The bank would be able to get competitive edge if employees are engaged. Engaged employees would take less sick day as they know they influence in the organization. Reducing turnover Good employee relation will reduce the employee turnover as the employee issues that contribute to employee turnover are eliminated. Skilled employees who are not paid well would want to move on, but a good employee relationship management will not let that happen. The employee will be given what he/she needs since they are crucial to the banks performance. Employee relationship management would be able to have saved recruitment and selection cost that would come as result of high rate employee turnover. Losing the most skilled employees to competitors its like giving out your own gun to be shot with. Introduction of easy working practices Committed employees would feel unchallenged on the on the repetitive job each and every day. Monotonous working practice would reduce the performance of the employee as they do not feel motivated well enough. A good bank employee relation would introduce new and easy working practice more often. By doing this the bank would be able to increase the banks output. Additionaly, the new practice would be able to consider not waste companys resources. Hence employees will be more committed thus affecting the quality of service from banks and reduces rejections. http://www.citehr.com/1324-advantage-maintaining-good-employee-relations.html#axzz1BRG1N0zU Disadvantage of incompetent employee relation in banks Sometime most banks fail to tackle problems that relate to employee relation due to the following reason: Employee relationship management letting the union to get a lot of power would deprive the banks ability to succeed as the unions would control the organization position. After the company has realized what is happening then it will be too late. As we have learned that some trade union bring political agenda that they want to champion so that the society can recognized that there is a problem. Therefore employee relation should not union grow its power to influence the fortune of banks but acquire mutual interest for all parties involved. Banks that have set up employee relationship management will incur extra cost from the department. Sometimes employee relation does not live to the expectations in such a way that the problems that should be solved by it are still roaming within the organization. The division is supposed to monitor workplace challenges before the union does and solve them before they become a nuisance to the organization. Therefore any failure to tackle means unnecessary costs have been incurred by the banks. Single employer bargaining can be expensive because of the need to maintain a centralized employee relation. For single employer bargaining, there is inflexibility and makes it hard to accommodate difference in production systems, the service markets, labor market and technologies within centralized bargaining systems. It could also be hard to integrate new businesses within employee relation systems. For employee relation to be effective it requires very effective communication in company. The level of management decision making will increase if the employee relationship management work independently as a result reducing the employee commitment to these decision and local management. (David Farnham, pg 236) For workplace bargaining, it employee relationship management complicates labor cost control. As this is a bargaining that occurs between the management and union representatives, there are high chances of increasing the danger of wage parity by the unions. Also it requires management to put its best people who have negotiation skills to neutralize the effort of union to have an upper hand on the outcome of negotiation. Conclusion In this second easy we have taken analytical view towards employee relation and its real impact on banking sector in the case of Tanzania where we dont have many of public owned bank where union can also have an impact. We gave seen how globalization has also brought some problems and fortune to the banking industry. New venture have realized due to globalization for instance the transfer of banking technology to Tanzania form abroad is one factor that globalization has inspired banking industry to progress. On the other hand, the coming of technology would raise concerns over employee job security. The aim of banks to bring new technology is sometimes to cut down cost in the long-run, so this will obviously raise concerns towards employee who fear for their job. The essay went further to look on the recognition of unions in Tanzania banks and we realized that in Tanzania they very less banks that can be influenced by trade union since many of them are privately owned. The only trade union that employee relations have been able to interact with is Trade Union Congress of Tanzania (TUCTA) where bank such as Tanzania postal bank employee can real much on TUCTA. The impact of trade unions in banking industry profitability is very high. So banks should come with approaches that would manage the unions in a way that they do not impact negatively on the performance of the organization. We have look on approaches such as Unitarist, pluralist, Marxist and adversarial approach. It is also indicated that employee relation should much be governed by agreements, rules and regulation to handle unions. As we have realized that not only external factor that are important to organization success but also internal constraint are also crucial to the companies and therefore they should be managed very well using appropriate management styles. It seemingly appears that privately owned banks use authoritarian way of managing to handle internal issues affecting the banks. Other management styles include opportunist and Paternalistic. Recommendation This is very important aspect of business and especially in banking industry. Banks should consider taking employee relations very seriously as employees are part and parcel of the organization success or failure. New innovative ideas should be brought forward so that business process and practice could be made simple thus improving organization performance. Employee relationship management in collaboration with human resource they should come up with ways that will resolve dispute in more modern way even without involvement of trade unions. The management should assess employee relation future trend and research on the potential findings that can be applied in third world countries e.g. Tanzania. The influence of technology should not be left untouched as technology will play a big part in the future employee relation success. The employee relation view should be much flexible to tackle issues that have not been resolved yet with management. Employee relation should help in avoiding unnecessary problems such poor working condition. These are problems that union is working to abolish them but on the other hand they problems that increase unnecessary cost than if they had been tackled beforehand. Employer should engage employee in activities or even during decision making process so that they can be more motivate and very loyal to the org anization this should incorporate they payment structure and other compensation packages which seem to be the most coveted things by employees.

My Kitchen, My Sanctuary Essay -- Descriptive Essay About A Place

Have you ever been at home and still didn’t feel safe? Well, that’s how I felt in my own home sweet home. That was of course until I found a place to rest and relax in my hectic life- my home’s very own kitchen. Shortly after we moved in, the kitchen grew in to a sanctuary for me with every memory I’ve had in it. I think the kitchen is a relaxing place, is because for me it represents a place of symbolic, spiritual cleansing. The kitchen is usually dirty, and every few days I have to clean it. When that happens, I view the event as a representation of my own inner, spiritual state. When the kitchen is out of order, my life is chaotic. When the kitchen is clean, my life has order. The reasons it’s a sanctuary is because it’s my family’s meeting place, it’s my families back up plan, and it’s our emergency entrance / exit. My kitchen is no ordinary nor extraordinary kitchen- instead is it a corner of the house that I feel sa fe in. My kitchen at home is a sanctuary for me because it’s my family’s meeting place. When anyone in our house has something to announce, an important event is upcoming, or we have to discuss anything- it’s done at the kitchen table. The smell of my mom cooking something, or something she had cooked always welcomes us. One very important discussion we had was when I received my high school application. We all sat around the table and discussed what choices I should put for two hours. All that was done at the kitchen table, and it was one of the most wonderful experiences in our family. The whole time my mom had been preparing chicken noodle soup, and the smell satisfied us all- it would definitely be scrumptious. We also, had time to talk about what I wanted to do in my future- and I have never before been... ...auses all the stress of your life to melt away. Along with the dopamine produced directly by the food, your body also makes dopamine when you have successfully created a dish. You reached a goal, and your mind rewarded you for all your hard work. Not only is the kitchen a great place to relax because it has food, but it's also a place of quite introspection. I usually go there, even when I'm not hungry, just to walk around and look out the window. I think. It's a place where I can let all my thoughts come together and I can sort things out. I love the kitchen for so many reasons but to me I feel really safe. The reasons it’s a sanctuary for me is because it’s my family’s meeting place, it’s my families back up plan, and it’s our emergency entrance / exit. Everyone has a favorite place to be, a place where new innovations begin, and for me it’s the kitchen at home.

Glory Field Essay

Courage in The Glory Field by John C. Wipler The Glory Field, by Walter Dean Myers, is a story about an African American family, the Lewis family, through different generations. All the main characters in the book make important decisions that change their lives forever. There are many examples of bravery in the book, but three character stand out. Lizzy, Luvenia, and Tommy all show acts of courage. Lizzy, a slave working on a plantation in 1864, showed courage when she makes decisions that could endanger her life. First, she showed courage when Lem, another slave, has been bound to the tree in the middle of a field as punishment by Mr.Joe Haynes, the plantation overseer. She supports Lem by bringing him water. This was courageous because Lizzy knew if she was caught, she would be tortured as Mr. Joe Haynes was doing to Lem. Unfortunately, she was caught and was whipped until Joshua, another slave, tackled Mr. Joe Haynes to save her. All of them knew that if they did not run away fro m the Glory Field, they would be killed. â€Å"‘Go on, girl, before you break everybody’s heart. ’ a voice from the darkness said†¦ ‘Don’t turn back’ (a lady said). Lizzy stopped, looked down, took a deep breath, and continued (to walk away from the plantation). Once again, Lizzy has shown courage by leaving The Glory Field even though it was the only home she had ever known. Luvenia, a descendant of the Lewis family, living in Chicago in 1930, showed courage when she chose independence over taking the easy route. Luvenia chooses to stay in Chicago instead of going with her father to the Glory Field, which now is owned by their relatives. She knew she would have to support herself in Chicago but, to her, going to the Glory Field for work would feel like returning to slavery.Luvenia decides to make money in Chicago by doing hair. â€Å"‘Mr. Etta,’ Luvenia took a deep breath. ‘Is there any place around here where I coul d do hair†¦? ’ ‘You mean you going to try to make it on your own? ’ Mrs. Etta asked†¦ ‘I think I can do it, Miss Etta. I know I can! ’† Luvenia showcases her courage when she stays in Chicago alone instead of being safe and going with her father to The Glory Field. Tommy—a boy living in Johnson City, South Carolina in January, 1964—had an extreme amount of courage when he handcuffed himself to the sheriff.